The original and multilingual E5 embedding models were trained with a "query:" or "passage:" prefix on every input. Leave the prefixes off, or store documents with the query prefix, and retrieval quietly gets worse with no error anywhere.
Perplexity's model cards describe pplx-embed-v2-late 0.6B and 9B as MIT-licensed ColBERT-style embedders, one 128-wide vector per token, sharing one embedding space.
Chunk size, overlap and boundaries decide what a retriever can return. This post covers defaults documented by Azure AI Search and OpenAI, plus a way to test a setting on your own questions.